Shadow Of The Wall

Roman leather evidence along Hadrian’s Wall comes from Vindolanda, Carlisle, Birdoswald, and the outlying fort of Newstead.

References for pack saddle evidence:

1. Bishop, M C. and J C N Coulston, Roman Military Equipment from the Punic Wars to the fall of Rome, 1993, London, 256 pp.
2. Bishop,M C, Cavalry equipment of the Roman Army in the first century A D, in Military Equipment and the Identity of Roman Soldiers, Proceedings of the Fourth Military Equipment Conference, J C Coulston (Ed), BAR International Series 394, Oxford, 67-195.
3. Carlisle Millennium Project - Excavations in Carlisle 1998-2001, Volume 1 and Volume 3: Appendices, Lancaster Imprints, 15, Lancaster.
4. Connolly, P, A Reconstruction of a Roman Saddle, In: Britannia, 1986, Vol 17, 353.
5. Connolly, P, The Roman Saddle, 1987, In: Roman Military Equipment – The Acroutrements of War, Proceedings of the Third Roman Military Equipment Research Seminar, Ed M Dawson, BAR International series 336, 7-27.
6. Connolly, P and C van Driel-Murray, 1991, The Roman Cavalry Saddle, Britannia 22, 33-50.
7. Curle, J, 1911, A Roman Frontier Post and its People: The Fort of Newstead in the Parish of Melrose, Glasgow.
8. Howard-Davis, C, 2009, The Carlisle Millennium Project, Volume 2, The Finds, 823-30, 1409-11, Lancaster.
9. Greene, E M, Leather Artefacts in the Hadrian’s Wall Area
10. Hyland,A,Cavalry Saddles, 1993
11. Hyland,A,Training the Roman Cavalry, From Arrian’s Ars Tactica, Published by Alan Sutton
12. Hyland,A, EQUUS: The horse in the Roman world, 1990, B T Batsford Ltd, London.
13. Allason-Jones, L, Small finds from turrets on Hadrian’s Wall, In: Coulston, J C N, Military equipment and the identity of Roman soldiers
14. Driel-Murray,C van, 1985, The production and supply of military leatherwork in the first and second centuries AD: a review of the archaeological evidence, In: M C Bishop (Ed) The Production and Distribution of Roman Military Equipment, BAR Int Ser 275, 43-81.
15. Driel-Murray,C van, 1993, Preliminary report on the leather, Vindolanda Research Reports, vol III, Hexham, 1-75.
16. Driel-Murray,C van, II. Horse Gear; (and VI), Offcuts and Questions of Supply, In: Vindolanda: Research Reports, New Series, Vol III, 15-24 and 54-8.
17. Driel-Murray,C, van, P. Connolly and J. Duckham, Roman Saddles: Archaeology and Experiment 20 Years On (pp.1-19).
18. Stallibrass, S (Personal Communication)
19. Surrey Archaeological Collections Relating to the History and Antiquities of the County published by the Surrey Archaeological Society, Vol. XLVII, Printed by Butler and Tanner Ltd, Frome, for the Surrey Archaeological Society, Castle Arch, Guildford, MCMXLI.
20. Archaeological Leather Group: In the Saddle: An exploration of the saddle through history (edited Lauren Gilmour, 2004, Published by Archetype, 2004, ISBN 1-873132-89-1).
21. Winterbottom, S (Personal Communication)
22. Winterbottom S and Mould, Q, Appendix 10: The Leather and Other Organic Artefacts, The Leather, Classification of Roman stitching types
23. http://www.limebrook.com/saddlehistory.html
24. http://sights.seindal.dk/photo/8163,s299f.html
25. http://mulesuk.freeforums.org/italian-pack-mules-t787.html
26. http://www.archive.org/stream/surreyarchaeolog47surruoft/surreyarchaeolog47surruoft_djvu.txt
27. http://www.romanarmytalk.com/rat/index.php